فارسی
1
حسابداری و مالی::
سرمایه‌گذاری مستقیم خارجی، سرمایه‌گذاری مستقیم خارجی
We include eight firm-specific controls (LNTA, INVREC, LOSS, LEV, ISSUE, NBS, NGS, and BIG4) and four country-level controls (DISCL, B4DO, GDP, and FDI).
As shown in Table 1, AUDFEE, CROSS, and the eight firm-specific control variables are measured at the firm level for each country in each year; REGIME and DISCL are measured for each country with no variation over years; B4DO, GDP, and FDI are measured for each country in each year.
FDIjt = foreign direct investment scaled by total GDP.
Fourth, the demand for audit services is likely to be greater in countries with more foreign direct investments (FDI) than in countries with less; thus, we expect a positive coefficient on FDI.
We extract the data on GDP and FDI from International Financial Statistics, which is published annually by the International Monetary Fund.،Private financial flows took the form of trade finance or foreign direct investment (FDI) mostly by US and UK multinationals.
Low share of FDI inflows
FIG 4.4 Current-account balance and net FDI
Of the non-debt-creating capital inflows, a higher share of FDI inflows to fund a current-account deficit provides a bigger cushion against global shocks (see Figure 4.4).
This is because unlike portfolio investment flows, which can suddenly leave the country, FDI is not as mobile.
واژگان شبکه مترجمین ایران
2
حسابداری و مالی::
سرمایه‌گذاری خارجی مستقیم
شبکه مترجمین ایران
3
اقتصاد::
سرمایه‌گذاری مستقیم خارجی
export level remained steady at around 25% of GDP, and the amount of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) remained modest at just under 1% of GDP during 1994-2000, to be compared with 3-5% for comparable countries.
For the first time in 2004, the AT Kearney FDI Confidence index (atkearney.com) ranked South Africa and placed it at number 18 in a list of 25 countries.
واژگان شبکه مترجمین ایران
4
تاریخ::
سرمایه‌گذاری مستقیم خارجی
Though the Trump administration has promoted more official visits and arms transfers with Taiwan, even the island's current nationalist government has narrowed its political ambitions, focusing instead on attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) and tourists from beyond China, launching a new industrial policy around alternative energy, and even fashioning itself as a Silicon Valley-like tech hub.
واژگان شبکه مترجمین ایران
5
سیاسی و روابط بین الملل::
سرمایه‌گذاری مستقیم خارجی
FDI Foreign Direct Investment
Literature that uses empirical evidence related to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as an indicator of the effectiveness of e-government to curb corruption is also limited, and studies of the private sector withdrawing from markets due to corruption risks despite the existence of e-government appear non-existent.
In a study that seeks to establish a conceptual framework for the impact of e-government on transaction costs and FDI inflows, the author argues for the necessity of combining both ICT and international business literatures.
He aims to establish a conceptual framework that would give a logical flow of arguments on why the relationships between e-government, transactions costs and FDI should be expected (Kachwamba, 2011).
واژگان شبکه مترجمین ایران